which of the following describes situational communication competence which of the following describes situational communication competence

World-Class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA) Consortium consists of 40 partner states, all using the same 2012 amplification of the English language development standards. Children who can read in their L1 and have learned some oral English benefit from taking turns with an English speaker in reading aloud a bilingual book. Avoid moving people out of the way with only touchpair your touch with a verbal message like excuse me.. Source: PreK-12 English Language Proficiency Standards by TESOL. Receptive language refers to the information someone receives through listening or reading activities. People who sit at the head or center of a table are often chosen to be leaders by others because of their nonverbal accessibilitya decision which may have more to do with where the person chose to sit than the persons perceived or actual leadership abilities. The following is a brief introduction to TeamSTEPPS. Of college students, 15 to 20 percent experience high trait CA, meaning they are generally anxious about communication. Here are suggested problems: Watch this video, which is a fun way to understand what is situational monitoring. The following guideline may help you more effectively encode nonverbal signals related to time. Although no one can truly offer you a rulebook on how to effectively send every type of nonverbal signal, there are several nonverbal guidebooks that are written from more anecdotal and less academic perspectives. [ BACK TO TOP] Ice Breaker Exercise Ice Breaker Exercise Introduction to TeamSTEPPS Introduction to TeamSTEPPS still may require some repetition or a slower rate of speech. Think of a time when your car didnt start and needed to get into work. How can I possibly teach all of this? In what situations can you arrive late? Keep in mind that the following tips arent hard and fast rules and are usually more meaningful when adapted according to a specific person or context. But many of us avoid confronting what is causing conflict in our relationships even though we know its better to talk about our problems than to let them build up. Source:PreK-12 English Language Proficiency Standards by TESOL. Translanguaging. Bilingual books: Promoting literacy and biliteracy in the second-language and mainstream classroom. Ernst-Slavit, G. (2018). The cognitive elements of competence include knowing how to do something and understanding why things are done the way they are (Hargie, 2011). As early as the 1970s, Dell Hymes (1972) put forward a notion of linguistic competence to mean more than mastery of formal linguistic systems. Fill each blank with the lesson word that best fits the meaning of the sentence. If you start these things now you will be primed to take on more communication challenges that will be presented throughout this book. Educational reform, mathematics, and diverse learners: Meeting the needs of all students. English learners process, interpret, and evaluate written words, symbols, and other visual cues used in texts to convey meaning. What domestic issues damaged Bush's popularity? Most of us know that such behaviors lead to predictable and avoidable conflict cycles, yet we are all guilty of them. True False b. Vertical integration is one of the key elements of corporate strategy. Norton (1997) claims that, [t]he central questions teachers need to ask are not, What is the learners mother tongue? and Is the learner a native speaker of Punjabi? Rather the teacher should ask, What is the learners linguistic repertoire? And then there is grandpa, watching a Bollywood movie in Urdu that includes regional variants such as Gujarati and Punjabi (p. 10). Communicative competence means competence in all four language domainsboth the productive and the receptive. Understanding the different demands of each language domain aids educators in addressing the language learning needs of their ELLs. Avoid hurtful touches and apologize if they occur, even if accidentally. Being a higher self-monitor can help you catch nonverbal signals that might signal that you arent listening, at which point you could consciously switch to more active listening signals. As youll recall, verbal fillers and other speech disfluencies are studied as part of vocalics; examples include false starts, stutters, and fillers. This predisposition can lead us to focus on nonverbal cues while overlooking verbal signals of deception. If a student is talking to his professor about his performance in the class and concerns about his grade, the professor may lean forward and nod, encoding a combination of a body orientation and a head movement that conveys attention. Self-touches like wringing hands and object-adaptors like playing with a pencil or messing with clothing have been shown to correlate to deception. Robert S. Feldman (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1992), 64. One way for students to obtain sufficient amounts of written input is through pleasure reading, whether in L1 or L2. 1 (2000): 105. This is where you know what you should be doing, and you realize that youre not doing it as well as you could. C. The transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver via a medium of transmission is known as ________. Think of a person you know who you think possesses a high level of communication competence. Which of the following best describes a communication channel? How can I express a specific attitude (e.g., courtesy, authority, friendliness, respect) when I need to? While Urdu was the home language mentioned in the census and in the childrens school records, in this household there is not one home language but a full range of language practices used fluidly according to the speaker, purpose, and context (Ernst-Slavit, 2018). In such cases, we have to turn to our knowledge about specific types of nonverbal communication or draw from more general contextual knowledge. And that already puts you ahead of most people!. Cultural competency. Identify good and poorcommunication and situational monitoring techniques. According to this theory, the most effective leaders are those that are able to adapt their style to the situation and look at cues such as the type of task, the . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Skill building activity for Communication pillar: Supplies: envelopes, index cards. Become a higher self-monitor, which means start to notice your communication more. 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, 5.4 Listenable Messages and Effective Feedback, 6.1 Principles of Interpersonal Communication, 6.2 Conflict and Interpersonal Communication, 6.3 Emotions and Interpersonal Communication, 6.4 Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Communication, 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, 8.4 Intercultural Communication Competence, 9.2 Researching and Supporting Your Speech, 10.2 Delivery Methods and Practice Sessions, 12.1 Speaking in Personal and Civic Contexts, 14.1 Leadership and Small Group Communication, 14.3 Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups, 15.1 Technological Advances: From the Printing Press to the iPhone, 15.2 Functions and Theories of Mass Communication, 16.3 New Media, the Self, and Relationships. I dont know whats the problem; its something with his heart. Cloud, N., Genesee, F., & Hamayan, E. (2000). As weve already learned, we receive little, if any, official instruction in nonverbal communication, but you can think of this chapter as a training manual to help improve your own nonverbal communication competence. b. receptive accuracy whereby you can detect, decode, and comprehend signals in your social environment. Language Domains There are four language domains: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This states that communication skills that work in some situations will not work in all . What information do you still need to obtain? The United States falls into this general category, but there are people who were socialized into these norms who as individuals deviate from them and touch more and stand closer to others while conversing. Being nonverbally expressive during initial interactions usually leads to more favorable impressions. In secondary and public territories, look for informal markers such as drinks, books, or jackets and be respectful of them when possible. Antonio, youve been absent for two days. Ernst-Slavit, G., & Mulhern, M. (2003, September/October). CAN DO Descriptors depict what students can do with language at different levels of language proficiency. initially have limited or no understanding of English. Chapter 2: Language Proficiency and Communicative Competence by Gisela Ernst-Slavit and Joy Egbert is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Add C if it is part of a compound object or subject complement. For example, a student might say that it is common sense that conflict avoidance can lead to built-up tensions that eventually hurt an interpersonal relationship. Out of the skills listed, which ones are you more competent in and less competent in? Some communication behaviors indicate that we are not communicating mindfully, such as withdrawing from a romantic partner or engaging in passive-aggressive behavior during a period of interpersonal conflict. What other options would improve communication. Communication apprehension (CA) is fear or anxiety experienced by a person due to actual or imagined communication with another person or persons. A politician is questioned by a reporter about allegations that she used taxpayer money to fund personal vacations. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. The longer you stand like that, the more frustrated and defensive you will become, because that nonverbal cluster reinforces and heightens your feelings. While it is important to recognize that we send nonverbal signals through multiple channels simultaneously, we can also increase our nonverbal communication competence by becoming more aware of how it operates in specific channels. Here are the scores (on a scale from 1 to 4, with 4 being advanced proficiency): Rudi felt some degree of success at locating the language proficiency information, but he still wondered what to do next. London: UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Morreale, S., Rebecca B. Rubin, and Elizabeth Jones, Speaking and Listening Competencies for College Students (Washington, DC: National Communication Association, 1998), n.p. We typically decode people putting their hands in their pocket as a gesture that indicates shyness or discomfort. Speech turns are often thought to correspond to deception, but there is no consensus among researchers as to the exact relationship. When I have a problem or complain in a customer service situation, I always make sure to smile at the clerk, manager, or other person before I begin talking to help minimize my own annoyance and set a more positive tone for the interaction. Alexandria, VA: Author. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like It is accurate to say that Situational Leadership II (SLII) is primarily a. Descriptive b. Prescriptive c. Well supported by research d. Trait related, Which of the following statements best describes Situational Leadership? You are talking with your professor or boss. English learners process, understand, and respond to spoken language from a variety of speakers for a range of purposes in a variety of situations. There is an intimate relationship among language, culture, identity, and cognition. There is no one tell that gives away when someone is lying. Active listening, for example, combines good cognitive listening practices with outwardly visible cues that signal to others that we are listening. Instead, we learn by observing others and through trial and error with our own nonverbal communication. Some of these reactions are visible, such as increased movements, and some are audible, such as changes in voice pitch, volume, or rate. Figure 2.6 Strategies for using bilingual books in the classroom. A review of many studies of deception indicates that increased eye blinking is associated with deception, probably because of heightened arousal and cognitive activity (Andersen, 1999). This module uses many of the educational materials provided by AHRQ. This is just the beginning of our conversation about communication competence. Vogel, S., & Garca, O. The very nature of productive language implies an audience, although not always an immediate audience, as in the case of writing a book or an e-mail. What are your strengths and weaknesses? This perspective views bilinguals and multilinguals not as possessing two or more autonomous language systems, but as users of a unitary linguistic repertoire where they sort and select whatever resources are needed to make meaning and to communicate with others. State English language proficiency (ELP) standards (e.g., Washington state ELPs at http://www.k12.wa.us/MigrantBilingual/ELD.aspx ) or multistate ELPs (e.g., TESOLs 2006 PreK12 English language proficiency Standards, or WIDAs 2012 English language development standards at https://wida.wisc.edu/sites/default/files/resource/2012-ELD-Standards.pdf) provide helpful guidance for teaching content across the four language domains. C) verbal statements. Although these four domains are interrelated, they can develop at different rates and independently of one another. What are the situational monitoring issues? Many students note that some of what we learn in communication classes is common sense. I agree with this observation in some cases but disagree with it in others. Which of the following is NOT true of communication in the health care? Human symbolic interaction. Situational Leadership is a style of leadership where leaders consider the readiness level of the team members they serve and the uniqueness of every situation. Communication competence has become a focus in higher education over the past couple of decades as educational policy makers and advocates have stressed a back to basics mentality (McCroskey, 1984). This program is called TeamSTEPPS. Getting Started on Your Road to Communication Competence, The Getting Competent boxes throughout this book are meant to help you become a more confident and skilled communicator. Both are commonly experienced by most people and can be managed using various strategies. New York: Oxford University Press. At the individual level, a persons physiological and psychological characteristics affect competence. A job interview. For example, Level 1 or Level 2 English language learners can still analyze and classify information if it is presented in small chunks and supported visually. The following link is that on-line course for the change team. Studies have found that actors, politicians, lawyers, and salespeople are also better liars, because they are generally higher self-monitors and have learned how to suppress internal feelings and monitor their external behaviors. Which of the following statements best describes interpersonal communication? Even though verbal communication is most often used to interrupt another person, interruptions are still studied as a part of chronemics because it interferes with another persons talk time. Develop flexibility You can improve your communication competency by becoming flexible in your social interactions. London, UK: Penguin Books. There are at least three general types of communication goals: 1) Self Presentation Goals (who we are and how we want to be perceived), 2) Relational Goals (how we develop, maintain, and terminate relationships), and Goffman, E., Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2010), 32231. Characteristics of Communicative Competence How is instruction planned to address their different content and language needs? acquire a vocabulary of stock words and phrases covering many daily situations. Be aware of the multichannel nature of nonverbal communication. What aspects of communication do you think are common sense? What aspects of communication do you think require more formal instruction and/or study? Do you agree with how this was handled? Cultural competency. Facial expressions. In modern times, communication scholars and teachers have worked hard to understand and describe what it means to be a competent communicator. How can educators model and teach each facet of communicative competence while simultaneously teaching content? Increased awareness about these cycles can help you make conscious moves to change your nonverbal communication and, subsequently, your cognitive and emotional states (McKay, Davis, & Fanning, 1995). Public speaking anxiety is common, so dont ignore itconfront it. may understand and use some specialized academic vocabulary. Competent communication means. All these factors will either help or hinder you when you try to apply the knowledge you have learned to actual communication behaviors. How do I know when Ive misunderstood someone or when someone has misunderstood me? Definition. Intercultural competence is contextual. Roll your eyes when you do not agree. Other educators are wary of the work on translanguaging. . Think, for example, about how people fall into formation when waiting in a line. Mirroring sends implicit messages to others that say, Look! Corn hole, which is also called bags, involves throwing a cloth sack filled with corn toward another teams board with the goal of getting it in the hole or on the board to score points. Since we communicate in many different contexts, such as interpersonal, group, intercultural, and mediated, we will discuss more specific definitions of competence in later sections of the book. Visualize success through positive thinking. Nervous communicators may have distracting mannerisms in the form of adaptors that you will likely need to tune out in order to focus more on other verbal and nonverbal cues. ), The language policy: Taking stock, pp. b. involves conflict. People who are skilled at encoding nonverbal messages are more favorably evaluated after initial encounters. Anxiety is a form of arousal that leads to bodily reactions like those we experience when we perceive danger or become excited for some other reason. In response to both of these comments, I say, Just because I know the concepts and definitions doesnt mean I always put them to good use. 4.3 (3 reviews) Term. Communication is common in that it is something that we spend most of our time doing, but the ability to make sense of and improve our communication takes competence that is learned through deliberate study and personal reflection. Genesee, F. (2012). Communicative competence involves more than linguistic or grammatical competence. Also, people who are better self-monitors are better deceivers, because they are aware of verbal and nonverbal signals that may give them away and may be better able to control or account for them. E) nonverbal forms of communication. Some key components include motivation, self- and other knowledge, and tolerance for uncertainty. After watching the video, consider the following: View the following video, Good Teamwork in the Medical Office, describing good communication strategies. Therefore, a certain amount of tentativeness and mindful monitoring of a persons nonverbal and verbal communication can help us detect deception. One way to progress toward communication competence is to become a more mindful communicator. What form of communication is used to indicate informed consent. A book in the native language can soothe feelings of frustration and exhaustion common among L2 learners. Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (2006). The size of a persons territory often speaks to that persons status. All rights reserved. Listening. Since you are currently taking a communication class, I encourage you to try to observe the communication concepts you are learning in the communication practices of others and yourself. Men often subconsciously put their hands in their pockets when they dont want to participate in a conversation. Since infringements on others territory can arouse angry reactions and even lead to violence (think of the countless stories of neighbors fighting over a fence or tree), be sensitive to territorial markers. Kevin Trotman You Lie! Avoid interrupting touches such as hugging someone while they are talking to someone else. Chapter 1: Introduction to Communication Studies, Chapter 6: Interpersonal Communication Processes, Chapter 7: Communication in Relationships, Chapter 11: Informative and Persuasive Speaking, Chapter 12: Public Speaking in Various Contexts, Chapter 14: Leadership, Roles, and Problem Solving in Groups, Chapter 15: Media, Technology, and Communication, Chapter 6 Interpersonal Communication Processes, Chapter 12 Public Speaking in Various Contexts, Next: Chapter 2: Communication and Perception, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Becoming a higher self-monitor can help you notice your use of verbal fillers and begin to eliminate them. Mom, Dad, and guests may be speaking mostly in English. Discuss strategies for developing communication competence. Cognitive competence can also be developed through instruction. (2016). Residents of the farming county insist that the construction of a large airport will not ______ with the ______ life they are determined to preserve. There are numerous components of ICC. For ideas about how to find out information about students cultures, see the section called Background in Chapter 3 of this text. When the sideways glance is paired with a slightly raised eyebrow or smile, it is sign of interest. The reason often is because many ethical missteps are situational. Communication apprehension (CA) refers to fear or anxiety experienced by a person due to real or imagined communication with another person or persons. Skill Building Activity for Situational Monitoring: Participant pairs are back to back. Mark L. Knapp and Kerry J. Daly (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2002): 33973. An interpersonal communication myth states that communication is always good Situational communication competence refers to which of the following? Figure 2.2 PreK-12 Englis Language Proficiency Standards. Do a communication self-assessment. Bilingual education in the 21st century: A global perspective. View the first section(called "Late Reception") of the following AHRQ video,Poor Teamwork in the Medical Office and identify communication problems. Be aware of discrepancies between facial expressions and other nonverbal gestures and verbal communication. You can use facial expressions to manage your expressions of emotions to intensify what youre feeling, to diminish what youre feeling, to cover up what youre feeling, to express a different emotion than youre feeling, or to simulate an emotion that youre not feeling (Metts & Planlap, 2002). Reading. Public speaking anxiety is type of CA that produces physiological, cognitive, and behavioral reactions in people when faced with a real or imagined presentation (Bodie, 2010). Here we trace the role of anthropologist Edward T. Hall in founding the scholarly field of intercultural communication during the 1951-1955 period when he was at the Foreign Service Institute of the U.S. Department of States.. What two primary characteristics distinguish different migrant groups? There are four language domains: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Developing communication competence can bring many rewards, but it also requires time and effort. themes, concepts, genre, characters, and so on. Bilingual Research Journal. The way we stand, the distance between our listeners and us, the looks on our faces, and our tone of voice all influence the manner and content of our communication. As this example shows, these individual differences can increase the ambiguity of nonverbal communication, but when observed over a period of time, they can actually help us generate meaning. 1 / 26. Remember, you are not alone. Behaviors mistakenly linked to deception include longer response times, slower speech rates, decreased eye contact, increased body movements, excessive swallowing, and less smiling. TESOLs five preK12 English language proficiency standards (see Figure 2.2) can guide teachers in helping ELs become proficient in English while, at the same time, achieving in the content areas. What can a health care worker do to ensure that a patient understands medical information? Various communication behaviors can signal that we are communicating mindfully. Explain each part of the definition of communication competence. Those were my ideas. 30 seconds. TESOL Quarterly 31(3), 409430. Specific leaders are needed in specific situations b. A Taiwanese woman who speaks English as her second language may be praised for her competence in the English language in her home country but be viewed as less competent in the United States because of her accent.